How to Wire a CAT5E Patch Panels

This article is about how to improve you Cat5e network connectivity with the CAT5E patch panels, which offers organization, convenience and inexpensive solution for your networking operations. Cat5e Patch Panel wiring is a fast and easy way to configure your Ethernet network with a Cat5e cables, Cat5e keystone jack and plugs, patch cables and other cable management products.

As we know, Internet connections are very common in some high density working areas such as the office building, businesses centers that many workers in different offices or floors that all needed to wired for Internet service from the central server. Wring the Internet from each usages site to the central serve is a must, but is creates a large mass of incoming cables in the server area which must be properly organized with a patch panel. By using the patch panel, it help could label where the other end of the wire is (usually by floor and room number), allowing you to keep your sanity because everything is organized. As a result, it will make connecting PCs or accessories to the networks becomes fast and simple.

Take Cat5e patch panel wiring for example, this article will show you how to wire a Cat5e patch panel step by step.

Technical information:
They are T568A and T568B. Either one is fine as long as you use the same standard at each end of the wire. The difference between the two standards are only color, the way the pairs are grouped is still the same.

Tools you need:
Cat5E Patch Panel
A Network cable tester
110 punch down tool
Cable stripper

All of them you can get from some fiber optic or copper network solutions providers such as FiberStore.

Step1. Select a place to mount the panel in the place where the network wires end.

Step2. Examine the 110-style punch down connectors on the back of the Cat5e patch panel, Making sure there are enough patch connectors on the patch panels to accommodate all of the incoming Ethernet cables. You will also see "A" and "B" color code. Use "B" code, which is the common network standard.

Step3. Use the cable strippers to cut off the cable jacket about 1.5 inches from the end of each cable. Take off the scored jacket. If the incoming Ethernet cables are RJ6 type, they will have an internal plastic jacket under the outer cable jacket that must be carefully removed and discarded using wire cutters.

Step4. You will see 4 twisted pairs of wires inside the Ethernet cable. Untwist all of the wires and spread them out. The wires are color coded with 4 being solid colors, and 4 with a white stripe around the color.

Step5. Place all the 8 wires into the 110 style connectors of the patch panel in the patch panels outlet that is used to receive the incoming cables. You will see the color code labels on the patch panel. Match al cables to the corresponding color in the "B" color scheme.

Step6. Use a 110 punch down tool to firmly press down on each wire to make sure it is grasped by both sets of teeth of the insulation displacement connector. Punch down tool is with a cutting edge, you can use it to cut the excess wire of the Ethernet cables during the pushing process.

Step7. This step is optional but recommended. Mark the terminated incoming cables with a label indicating where the cables is from with the room or floor numbers. It will help you locate the system problems precisely or handing the futures upgrading projects.

Step8. Use a cable tester to assure that you correctly terminated all the wires.

Now you can plug a short patch cable from the desired port on the patch panel to the closely located hub or switch. The other end of the wire would be terminated at a wall socket (sometimes called a drop).

Fiber Optic Connectors Installation

The role of fiber optic connectors is to give a connection or disconnection solution for a fiber optic link. To make the light power from the fiber optic transmitter successfully received by the receiver end, it is required to install the optical fiber connectors at both ends of and optical fiber stand. Install fiber optic connectors is a caution job that you should handle with much carefulness, otherwise there will cause a failure in the optical signals transmission.

The aim of installing fiber optic connectors is to provide a protection for the tripped fiber end in the connector ferrule in case that the cable entering the back of the connector body or prevent the fibers from moving back and fore within the connector body. Good installation will make it free of optical loss and connector or fiber damages.

There are both mechanical methods and chemical methods to fiber optic connector installation, which come in adhesives and polish, cleave and crimp, and fusion splicing the fiber pigtails. Fusion splicing belongs to chemical methods while the last two is for mechanical. Mechanical ways features both cost and time saving, which is suit for small qualities of fiber optic connectors installation, which is also be discussed in the article.

Mechanical Adhesives and Polish
This way can be simply called epoxy and polish, the two main steps indicated. Steps follow, use a Fiber cable stripper to strip the buffer coating and the plastic jacket from the fiber end. Inject the epoxy glue into the connector body until a small amount flows out of the ferrule end. Insert the stripped fiber end into the connector body and then place them into an oven to get heated. After 145j minutes, remove the assembly from the oven for cooling. After the connector is enough cool to handle, use a fiber optic scribe to gently scratch the excess fiber sticking out of the ferrule. Remove the fiber stub and use the finer polishing papers to polish the fibers.

In the reality practice of the fiber connector installations, you will find another type of connectors that already has the epoxy inside the connector body. With this connector type for the job, you can skip the step of injecting the epoxy, and follow the rest steps above to finish the job.

Mechanical Cleave and Crimp
Cleave and crimp is the simplest and the fastest way for the connector installations. Because this method is only for a special type of connector which has already has the polished optical fiber stub installed in the ferrule by the manufacturer. Step for installing these connectors is simple: After the jackets and buffer coating of the fiber cable are stripped by the technician, use a fiber optic cleaver to break off the fiber to within two degrees of 90 degrees at a specific length. Then insert the cleaved fiber end into the back of the connector until it contact the fiber stub within that have been cleaved at the factory, mechanical clamp will be activated automatically. Once the two cleaved fibers ends has holds together, use a crimp tool to crimp the back of connector
to the fiber jacks.

What you should note is that in the whole process of the two mechanical fiber connector installation method, you should make sure all the related tools such as the cable wire strippers, crimping tools, fiber optic cleavers involved should be with high quality. Because a mediocre or poor tool will make the connector poor or inoperative. This article is only about the mechanical method, if you are also interested in the chemical splicing pigtail ways, please pay continuous attention to my blog.

What is most important for your perfect fiber connectors installation is the high quality tools including the fiber cable stripper, crimp tool, which you can get from professioinal fiber optic tools web-stores. 

How to Install Cat5e Modular Jacks

Cat5e, Cat6 cables are good choice for the newly network cabling systems. If you are running the two standard cable technologies at home or office, it is very necessary that you terminate the Cat5e, Cat6 cables with the RJ45 keystone jacks for them. In case that some of you are still not so familiar with how to terminate the Cat6 or Cat5e network Ethernet cable with a modular jack, I
would like to take readers through all the termination and installation steps and general information that should be used to complete this tedious but important task.

RJ45 modular jack
RJ45 modular jack is one kind of the keystone jacks that used for networking. The RJ45 modular jack provides an excellent method of bringing network connections into any room and it fit for all the standard keystone jack network faceplate.
T568A and T568B are the two wiring standards for an 8-position modular connector, permitted under the TIA/EIA-568-A wiring standards document. The only difference between T568A and T568B is that
the pairs two and three (orange and green wire pairs) are interchanged. T568B is very common in the USA. In the RJ45 keystone jacks, both T568A and T568B wiring schemes are labeled.

Take the Cat5e Network Ethernet Cable termination steps for example, Cat6 cable follows the same way.

Cat5e Cable Termination Steps:
1. Cut the Cat5e cable with a cable stripper. Trim the cable about 3/4 to 1 inch into the jacket, making sure that you hasn’t damaged the conductors inside. Romove the cut jacket by simply pulling it off.
2. Separate the twisted wire pairs from each other; Untangle the scrap piece of jacket downwards on each pair of wires and then fan out all four twisted pairs.
3. Remove the jack’s protective cap. You will see there are wire configurations printed near the termination slots. If you are given a choice between “A” and “B” configurations, choose whichever you are currently using.
4. Match up the colored wires with the corresponding color codes on the keystone jack by placing all 8 wires into the center of the jack 8 wires into the center of the jack.
5. Use a punch down tool to punch the wires down into the blades of the keystone jack. To punch down each wire, press down on the punch down tool until you here a loud click and simultaneous, metallic-sounding “ping”. In this step, it is very important to make sure that the blade of the punch down tool is facing the outside of the Cat 5e Modular Jack otherwise it will cut the wires insides.
6. Inspect each termination slot along the outer edge of the jack; each wire should be firmly anchored at the bottom of its slot, and the wires’ copper conductors will be visible.
7. Snap the header cover down over the connector.
8. If your care about the connection quality of your termination, you can use the network cable tester have a test over the terminated cables.
9. After you have finished the termination for the Cat5e cable with the RJ45 keystone jack, the last thing left is to assemble the terminated modular jacks with the wall network faceplate and fixed them in the wall.

As you can see, steps for termination the network Ethernet cables is simple, but every single steps should be handled with carefulness, otherwise it will cause problems down the road. This guide can be used for reference for your termination practice by your own hands. If you are interested in the involved tools or materials in the whole termination and installation steps such as the Cat 5e Modular Jack, cable stripper, punchdown tools, Cat5e Ethernet cables and more, you can go to purchase at FiberStore.com, you may get a big surprise on the price and qualities.

The Difference between Cat5 Network Cables and Cat5e Network Cables

f you are considering using the different twisted-pair copper cables to transmit data in the networks or other applications, it is more or less that you will come across terms like Category 5, Category 5e, Category 6, or even Category 6e, the network Ethernet cable standard defined by the Electronic Industries Association (EIA) and Telecommunications Industry Association (TIA). Cat5 and Cat5e are two of the most popular network cables for most wired local area networks (LANs) today. Just in case you are not too familiar with this two copper wiring technology, I here would like to provide you with a few knowledge and tips in the way each media handled, network support, crosstalk and bandwidth of Cat5 network cables and Cat5e network cables, hope it will help you make better decision when choose the right one for you critical applications.

Cat5 cable

Cat5 is the fifth generation of twisted pair Ethernet technology and the most commonly used network cables than any other category twisted pair cables. Cat5 cable contains four pairs of copper wires, just the same as Cat5e cables. Cat5 cable can support 10BASE-T and 100BASE-T network standards. Cat5 cable is available into two sub-types: unshielded twisted pair (UTP) and shielded twisted pair (S/FTP) measure of extra protection against interference, which is widely used in Europe.

Category 5 cable can be either solid type or stranded type: Solid cat5 cable is more rigid and supports longer length runs, the solid Cat5 cable is more used for fixed wiring configurations such as office buildings. While stranded Cat5 cable due to its flexible and pliable features, is most likely to be used as patch cables for shorter distance applications.

Cat5e cable

Cat5e stands for Category 5, enhanced cable which developed on the base of Cat5. Except that it fulfills higher standards of data transmission, it almost goes the same line with the basic Cat5. Cat5e supports networking at Gigabit Ethernet (1000BASE-T), network running speed up to 1000 Mbps, Cat5e cable is completely backwards compatible with Cat5, and can be used in any
application in which you would normally use Cat5 cable. Category 5e is indeed improved the specifications of Category 5 by reducing some crosstalk from one cable to anther cables.
As with all other types of twisted pair EIA/TIA cabling, Cat5e cable runs are limited to a maximum recommended run length of 100m (328 feet). In normal practice it is limited to 90 m to allow for up to 5 m of Cat5e patch cable at each end.

As all the comparisons above, Cat5e runs a faster pushing data across network with the 350Mhz versus 100Mhz of Cat5, coupled with other more stringent specifications, Cat5e is ideal for networks which plan to operate at Gigabit Ethernet speeds. If you are creating a new network or upgrading an existing one, it is recommended that you go with Cat5e network cable, or newer cable technologies like CAT6 and CAT7, because although Cat5 is falling further and further behind ever-advancing cabling performance standards, while the small increase in price of Cat5e over Cat5 is more than made up for by "future proofing" your network's cabling infrastructure.

Copper and Fiber Optic Data Cabling Solutions

For a long time, copper network that constructed of a massive and revolutionary network copper wires has being in the dominant position in the network architecture enabling us to talk with each other through these newfangled telephones. Under the fact that people’s desire for more growing transcontinental telecom traffic, the proper application of data cabling and wiring, also refer to the network cabling and wiring becomes obvious imperative for successful business, government and academic network infrastructure installations.

There are two main types of network cabling & wiring method: copper network and fiber optic network.
Copper data network systems can be divided into several categories or standards by the cabling standards organizations which used the bandwidth needs to determine the proper customer application of each category of cabling. Frequency Bandwidth for each categories data cabling listed below:
Category 5e: 1 - 100 MHz
Category 6: 1 - 250 MHz
Category 6A: 1 - 500 MHz
Category 7: 1 - 600 MHz
Category 7A: 1 - 1000 MHz

Copper networks display the important performance in television, video, internet and telephone applications. And the copper data cabling can be further divided into three sub-types, unshielded twisted pair (UTP), screened twisted pair (F/UTP) and shielded twisted pair (S/FTP).

Fiber optic network or fiber optical cabling is the other second types of network data cabling system. In this data cabling system, data signals are transmit by the thin glass core fibers in the term of laser light pulses. Fiber optic cabling allows data signals to be transmitted much faster, at a higher bandwidth and over much greater distances than copper data cabling systems. Fiber optic cablings provides greater signals capacity than the copper network and it is impervious to interference with a small transmitting loss.

The advantage of fiber optic over copper wires makes the fibers attractive for many companies today to deploy the fibers into their networks. But the reality is that the in most of countries, the total fiber miles is still dwarfed by copper miles and it will take many years and much money before fibers replace the copper networks. The quite dynamic existing copper network makes us have to
think about a more cost-effective and efficient technology – Ethernet over Copper, which delivers high bandwidth and the latest features over that existing copper connection with affordable cost.

Fiber optics would have been a good option but it may also be less attractive because of the technological requirements and the costs implications. By using existing copper connections, combined with state of the art equipment including the copper Ethernet cable, some Ethernet over copper service companies can help deliver necessary bandwidth without compromising the quality with the foundation of the existing copper data cabling networks.

If your company is using a T1 line, EoC will provide you with the same bandwidth at a higher level of reliability. It is also cheaper to install than a T1 line. You need a lot of money to change a bonded T1 into partial or full DS3 service. By using EoC, switching to partial or full DS3 will be done at a much lower price.

Ethernet over copper is ideal for companies with bandwidth requirements that do not exceed 15 MB, which is adequately to meet the needs of most small and medium sized companies. If you want to higher bandwidth, you have to go for optical fiber network.

650nm Fault Locator for Perfect Optical Network Fault Locating

FiberStore has launched series easy-to-use visual fault locators for perfect optical network fault locations. 650nm Visual Fault Locator among that, is editor here happy to introduce. 650nm Visual Fault Locator is one of the most common used types of fault locators with the 650nm visible laser source and output power of 10mW for testing single mode or multimode fiber by emitting a bright beam of laser light into a fiber to allow users to see a break as a glowing or blinking red light. This visual fault locator is intended for examining all kinds of patch cords, ribbons or bunched pigtails in the installation and maintenance of fiber optic networks, which is also regarded as the perfect fiber optic testing tools for engineers working on fiber optic networks, telecommunications and CATV maintenance.

The handheld 650nm optical visual fault locator, model BML 201 is perfect for optimizing mechanical fusion splicing and end-to-end fiber identification. It offers a maximum measurement distance of up to 10km and boasts a rechargeable battery supporting 12 hours continuous work. The energy saving design of it makes it will automatically shut down if there is no operation for about 10 minutes. The universal fiber adapter of this visual fault locator can be connected with all 2.5mm adapters such as FC, SC or ST.

FiberStore.com, a good place for purchasing or wholesale quality visual fault locator and cable fault locator, has all of our products detailed information displayed online. Welcome to visit and register.

A Small Make up Knowlege for Visual Fault Locator
Visual fault locator a very cost-effective and power-saving fiber test tools to locate imperfections, fiber cuttings, micro or macro bends in fiber optic cable links. It can come in a pen shape, handheld portable types. A visual fault locator consists of laser light source, pulse modulation circuit board, light coupling lens and fiber optic connector adapter.

In the working process of the visual fault locator, it injects a highly visual red color laser light into the fiber optic cable though a built-in connector adapter. The red laser light can be switched between continuous mode and pulse mode with a 1~2 Hz frequency and 60ms duration. There are two types of connector adapters: 2.5mm and 1.25mm in diameter. 2.5mm version is for FC, SC and ST connectors, while 1.25mm version is for LC and MU connectors. Light source of the visual fault locator is usually a high power class 2 laser diode at a wavelength of 635nm, 650nm or 670nm.

Visual fault locators can work with both single mode and multimode fibers. Fiber distance, the longest fiber length where you can see the leakage light freely for multimode fiber is 10km, and 5km for single mode fiber.

Fiber optic visual fault locator is regularly used for testing and locating breaks in LANs, FDDI, ATM, fiber data links and loops, telephones, ships and other vessels. It can be used as an independent fiber-link basic troubleshooting instruments or in conjunction with an OTDR to pinpoint faults. Typical industrial applications are fiber optic networks, telecoms network and CATV network maintenance.

Fluke Networks NetTool Series II Inline Network Tester Provided by FiberStore

Fluke Networks is the recognized leader in network testing industry. Fluke Networks provides innovative solutions, the so called Fluke network tester equipments for the testing, monitoring and analysis of enterprise networks and telecommunications networks, as well as the composition of the network infrastructure installation and certification of the fiber and copper.

As we can see, troubleshooting network connectivity problems can be a daunting and time-consuming task without the right tool, we need to spend hours of unnecessary time with trial and error guesswork trying to isolate the problem. Fluke Networks has put an end to the guessing game with the NetTool Series II Inline Network Tester.

The Fluke NetTool combines powerful NetProve diagnostics, inline Gigabit vision, VoIP Phone PC configuration testing in one palm-sized tool, so you'll have everything you need to quickly resolve even the toughest connectivity problem. Plus, with the NetSecure option, you'll have the power to identify port-based security threats and maintain user connectivity in802.1xenvironments. The Fluke Networks NetTool Series II includes NTS2-PRO, NTS2-VOIP, NTS2-NSKIT.

Fluke Fluke the NetTool II Overview
NetProve diagnosis - quickly locate the device and application connectivity problems
Inline Gigabit - online insight into the 10/100/Gig link between the switches, PC, IP phone and other devices to quickly resolve network problems with
Monitoring and verification - port monitoring to identify spyware, malware and viruses; 802.1X log solve the verification problem
VoIP troubleshooting - online connection, in-depth insight into VoIP calls to quickly diagnose IP phone boot, and call control problems and to measure key call quality metrics
PoE Measurements - verify readiness of PoE systems and troubleshoot PoE device problems
Discover available network resources - View active servers, routers and printers to provide the MAC address and IP address, subnet and related services
IntelliTone digital signal generator - quickly and securely positioned in the run network cable

Highlights
Monitoring and Authentication
NetProve Diagnostics
Inline Functionality
VoIP Test and Troubleshoot
PoE Measurements
IntelliTone Digital Signaling
Reports
Ease of Use
Screen Shots

FiberStore is one of the reputable online fiber optic test equipment sellers that have many speed and accurate Fluke testing instruments. Since no two networks are identical, FiberStore’s Fluke test equipment series offers several Fluke NetTool models and options to match your individual requirements and to maximize the value of your NetTool investment. From our top-of-the-line NetTool Series II Network Service Kit to the entry-level NetTool 10/100, you will find a Net Tool model that fits your network troubleshooting needs and your budget.

What is An Optical Time-domain Reflectometer Used for

Optical Time-domain Reflectometer is the full name of OTDR. In fiber tester fields, it is a very important and common optoelectronic instrument used for certifying and characterizing the optical fibers. During its working process, the optical time domain reflectmeter send a series of fiber optic pulses into the fiber cable, the fiber signal light will be scattered back and reflected back from points along the fibers. because of the fiberglass attribute, fiber joint point or fiber break. The strength of the return pulses is measured and integrated as a function of time, and is plotted as a function of fiber length. By this way, the OTDR can detect the fiber optic cable length, fiber optic cable overall attenuation and locate the break point. In the following text, we will introduce the two major function of the optical time domain reflectmeter.

Certifying Fiber Optics
A good quality of fiber optic networks is very important for the healthy of the critical networks especially for business use. For a network administrator, it is very necessary to known how well the invested fiber cabling network performed and how to solve problems at the first time they occur. Fiber optics certification has experienced a development from Tier 1, the Fiber Optics Certification Basic to Tier 2 fiber certification, that extended Tier 1 with an Optical Time Domain Reflectometer (OTDR).

The Tier 1 tests are attenuation (insertion loss), length and polarit, the complete Tier 1 fiber certification is required in all fiber optic cabling links. During the Tier 1 testing, each fiber link is measured for attenuation and results are documented. This test ensures that the fiber link exhibits less loss than the maximum allowable loss budget for the immediate application. This CertiFiber is one handheld tester that quickly and easily certifies multimode networks. One button measures fiber length and optical loss on two fibers at two wavelengths, computes the optical loss budget, compares the results to the selected industry standard and provides an instant PASS or FAIL indication. By Tier 1 testing, the invisible events are hardly to locate.
Tier2 is the extended Tier 1 with the application of an additional tool, OTDR, which is used to trace each fiber link. An OTDR trace is a graphical signature of a fiber's attenuation along its length. You can gain insight into the performance of the link components such as fiber optic cable, connectors and splices and the quality of the installation by examining non-uniformities in the trace. This fiber test certifies that the workmanship and quality of the installation meets the design and warrantee specifications for current and future applications. An obvious advantage of using OTDR is that is helps detect the invisible events that may happened when conducting only loss/length (tier 1) testing, which is regarded as a complete fiber certification.

Maintaining Fiber Infrastructure Performance
Besides fiber optics certification, OTDR is also used for repairing problem fiber plant. Because the OTDR makes you detect any details on the cabling installation, termination quality and offers advanced diagnostics to isolate a point of failure that may hinder network performance.

OTDR tester characterize features such as attenuation uniformity and attenuation rate, segment length, location and insertion loss of connectors and splices, and other events such as sharp bends that may have been incurred during cable installation. The right OTDR must has certain functionality, such as loss-length certification, channel/map view, power meter capabilities, an easy-to-use interface, and smart-remote options. 

Fiber optic testing tools manufacturers such as FiberStore, provides the ultimate optical time domain reflectometer series for your testing and troubleshooting solution of fiber optic networks, which includes EXFO AXS-100, EXFO AXS-110-12CD, DVP-321 OTDR, EXFO FTB-200 OTDR and more. They are all perfect for perform inspection, verification, certification, troubleshooting.

Better Knewing Optical Power Measurement

As fiber optic system becomes more and more common and has increasingly sophisticated, optical power measuring, the most basic actions for the fiber optic testing process, will also grow more and more complex. To make reliable measurements, people must consider the characteristics and interactions of optical power meter, fiber optic light source, detector types, attenuation, back reflection, interference, and beam divergence.

Optical Power Meter Measurement

An optical power meter is used to measure the absolute optical power or the relative length of optical fiber optical power loss. Through the measurement of the absolute power of the transmitting end optical network, a power meter to be able to evaluate the performance of the light end equipment. The basic assumption for optical power measurement is the at the meter output reading is directly proportional to the optical input power. This proportionality property is defined as linearity, and the departure from this direct proportionality is defined as nonlinearity.

Optical Light Source
Optical measurements can be made with a wide variety of light sources. Fiber optic light sources are designed to cover a variety of wavelength ranges to suit all optical testing needs, Light sources are offered in a variety of types including LED, halogen and laser. With the combination of a power meter and stabilized light source, it is possible to measure the connection loss, test continuity and help evaluate the transmission quality of fiber link.Optical Multimeter Fiber optic multi meter integrates both an optical power meter module and an optical light source module and can perform closed-loop tests by using both modules, and can also work individually.

Optical metering system
Typical optical power measurement system consists of a detector and a display unit that calculates the optical power or energy represented by the electrical signal. The measurements are displayed or stored in convenient formats, such as analog or digital output, or entries in a data-collection file.
The optical detector, which converts an optical signal into an electrical signal, The most common types of optical-signal detectors are photodiodes, thermopiles, and pyroelectric detectors.
Photodiodes use the photon’s energy to create an electron-hole pair, Thermopile detectors are used for high-power laser sources, up to tens of kilowatts of optical power. Pyroelectric sensors are popular for pulsed laser sources. Among these detector types, photodiode sensors are the most widely used.

Light source back inflection
Accurately measuring a modulated or a pulsed light is very difficult as well as the CW (Light source back inflection) light source. When making peak-to-peak measurements, since waveforms can be greatly distorted. Rather tan reading directly from the detector. It is better to record the raw data, and than process it with digital filtering or statistical averaging with the fact of the limitations of the detector’s response time, and the speed of the meter’s circuitry.

To sum up, optical power measurement involved in the application of optical power meter, a stable fiber optic light source as well as the good understanding of the optical setup, the choice of detector types, detector saturation and noise, attenuation.

Optical Attenuator and Optical Power Meter Calibration

In the fiber optic network systems, that is the true that the power level of an optical signal, either in free space or in an optical fiber are not always the same. For example, for fiber optic receivers, too much light can overload it and degrade the bit error ratio. In order to achieve the best bit error ratio, the light power must be reduced, this time an optical attenuator is need to balance the power of the light by reducing the higher power and fit for the fluent signal transmissions between different devices.
The working principle of the fiber optic attenuator can be compared to a sunglass, which absorbs the extra light energy and protect you eyes from being dazzled. Attenuators typically have a working wavelength range (usually from 1310 to 1550nm) in which they absorb the light energy equally. An important characteristic of a good fiber attenuator is that they should not reflect the light instead, they should absorb the extra light without being damaged. Since the light power used in fiber optic communications are fairly low, they usually can be absorbed without noticeable damage to the attenuator itself.
Fiber optic attenuators are used for reducing the power of the light in the fiber optic network. two types fiber optic attenuators, fixed value fiber optic attenuator refer to the attenuator that can reduce the power of fiber light at a fixed value loss, for example, 2dB. Their applications include telecommunication networks, optical fiber test facility, LAN and CATV systems. Fixed value fiber optic attenuators are composed of four groups: Fixed-Plug in type, fixed adapter Type attenuator, fixed In-line type attenuator, and Fixed Hybrid Adapter type. While adjustable fiber optic attenuator refer to the attenuator that can generate an adjustable Loss to the fiber optic link, they are general used for testing and measurement, but they also have a wide usage in EDFA for equalizing the light power among different channels. Variable Fiber optic attenuators are composed of three groups: Variable plug-in type, Variable adapter type, Variable In-line type and Manual VOA type.
The attenuators can be female to female which is called bulkhead fiber optic attenuator or male to female which is also called a plug fiber optic attenuator. Bulkhead and plug types are designed without cables; another type inline fiber optic attenuator is designed with a piece of fiber optic cable.Wide range variable & inline fiber optic attenuators .the inline fiber optic attenuators are with more accurate attenuation compared with traditional connector type fiber optic attenuators. Variable in-line Optical attenuators are often used with an optical power meter in the optic amplifier systems to balance the gain across the different operating wavelengths.
A wide range of fiber optic attenuators are supplied at ingellen.com which includes LC, SC, and ST, FC, MU, E2000, Fixed Adaptor Type Attenuators, Fixed In Line Type Attenuators, Variable Attenuator Instrument and Variable attenuators. Our fiber optic attenuators are manufactured according to international standard and are compartible with the fiber optic products currently available in the international market.
The optical attenuator is an essential component where optical signal levels need to be adjusted over a wide range of powers. To make the reliable measurements, one must consider the characteristics interactions of fiber optic light source.  Optical light sources are used with the fiber optic power meter to test the fiber system loss, which can offered in a variety of types including LED, halogen and laser. With the optical attenuator and optical power meter calibration system, the attenuation can be easily modified to any level required for telecom and CATV network.

FiberStore Launched Hihgh-density Ethernet to Fiber Media Converter

FiberStore is pleased to announce the new high density fiber media converters for end-to-end fiber to Ethernet conversion. The new range of Ethernet to fiber media converters are idea for large enterprises and campus enviroments to add the benefits of fiber to their UTP copper-based network.
The copper-based Ethernet connections use unshielded twisted pair (UTP) cable and has limited the data transmission distance for only 100m. While by using the Ethernet to fiber converters, the fiber optic cabling can be extended the link to 80Km.
One of the benefits of a fiber media converter is to have a combination of 10Mb Ethernet, Fast Ethernet and Gigabit Ethernet in one network. For example a company headquarters may be using a Gigabit backbone but the remote offices are still using 10 or 100MB Ethernet. Devices on the 10/100 Ethernet switch in the remote branch office can be connected over fiber optic lines to the Gigabit backbone at the headquarters through the use of Perle's 10/100/1000 Converters.
10/100/1000M fiber optic media converter is a kind of 10/100/1000Mbps intelligent adaptive fast Ethernet media converter. It can extent the transmission distance of a network from 1000m over copper wires to 120km in which there is no help of any other converter. And it can implement data transmission between twisted pair electrical signals and optical signals which are the two types of network connection media.
By using 10/100/1000 Media Converters, facilities can be connected over public or privately owned fiber optic cable up to 80 km away, they don't need to reinvest in new fiber base switches, routers or firewalls – which are generally 3 times more expensive than their copper based counterparts.
Fast Ethernet Media Converters can connect legacy 10/100BASE-T network segments to more recent 100BASE-TX or 100BASE-FX Fast Ethernet infrastructure and support 10/100Base-T and 100Base-FX
,100BASE-TX applications.
Gigabit Ethernet Converters are 1000M converters that used in Gigabit Ethernet as copper to fiber conversion equipment. It is used in high-speed high stability 1000Base Ethernet which support 1000BASE-T to 1000BASE-FX/TX fiber connections.
An Ethernet to Fiber Media Converter can also be used where there is high level of EMI (electromagnetic interference), which is a common phenomenon found in industrial plants. EMI can cause
corruption of data over copper-based Ethernet links. Data transmitted over fiber optic cable, however, is completely immune to the noise. An Ethernet to Fiber Converter therefore enables companies to inter-connect copper-Ethernet devices over fiber ensuring optimal data transmission across the plant floor.
FiberStore offers an extensive choice of full-featured Ethernet to fiber media converter systems such as Ethernet/Gigabit Ethernet/Fast Ethernet Converters with high-end components, lifetime warranty, user satisfaction. These converters are used to connect remote users reliably and securely to central servers for a wide variety of business applications.

Custom OEM Fiber Optic Network Solutions from FiberStore

Located in China “Silicon Valley”, Shenzhen, FiberStore is one of industry’s fastest growing fiber optic network equipment manufacturers with good reputations over the Internet. We are specialized in providing high quality, cost-effective OEM fiber optic products especially fiber optic transceivers to our worldwide ender users and distributors.

FiberStore is a national recognized for its superior products, sufficient stocked inventory, long time warranty, qualified engineers with a commitment to functionally and reliability, and the ability to provide personalized service including highly customized solutions. As the leader in the industry, FiberStore is able to provide industry-standard fiber optic equipment designed to increase capacity and improve performance of the MSO, RBOC, TELCO, enterprice, education and government networks they serve.

FiberStore Fiber Optic Products at a Glance

Optical Transceivers
FiberStore produce and stock for a full range of optical transceivers. All our fiber transceivers are 100% compatible with major brands like Cisco, HP, Juniper, Nortel, Force10, D-link, 3Com, and backed by a lifetime warranty. These small, hot-swappable pluggable interfaces provide physical layer signaling for data, voice, storage and video transport networks over your WDM, CWDM and DWDM configurations.

Passive Optical Components
Integra Networks offers a full line of passive Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM) products to assist you in making the most of your network assets by transmitting multiple signals over the same fiber at different wavelengths. FiberStore offers a complete range of passive optical components including WDM/CWDM/DWDM devices, fiber optic attenuator, fiber optic pigtail, fiber optic connector, fiber optic adaptor, etc

Bend Resistance Patch Cables
FiberStore offers a complete line of factory terminated fiber jumpers for multimode and single mode fibers and connector types. We used the most advanced ITU G.657B compliant bend resistant optical fibers where available, along with a manufacturing process that assures superior connector performance. This compliance ensures that we are meeting, if not exceeding the industry standards for optical reflectance and insertion loss.

Fiber Optical Detector Equipment
Fiber optic equipment and test tools of FiberStore are known for portability, stability, quality assurance standards and easy to use and strict control.

Fiber Optic Cable Custom Solutions
All of our fiber cables can be ordered with Single Mode 9/125, Multimode 62.5/125 OM1, Multimode 50/125 OM2 and Multimode 10 Gig 50/125 OM3 fiber. With options for pre-terminated cables including connectors such as LC, SC, ST and even MTP connectors, we can custom fiber optic cables for your particular application. FiberStore offers indoor only, indoor/outdoor and outdoor only outer jackets using Plenum, Riser and Polyethylene materials to provide the best protection and meet any fire-code requirements needed. These cables can be cut to any desired length and come in 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24, 48 and 72 strand counts, allowing for versatility in custom applications.

What are Fiber Optic Transceivers Used for

Fiber optic transceiver is also called fiber optic transmitter and receiver. It is composed by optoelectronic devices, the functional circuit and the optical interface. the optoelectronic device includes a transmitter and receiver.
Fiber Optic Transmitters: LEDs, fabry-perot (FP) lasers, distributed feedback (DFB) lasers and vertical cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) are the 4 types of source for the transmitters that can convert the electrical signals into optical signals. They are al tiny semiconductor chips. Fiber Optic Receivers: The receivers use semiconductor detectors (photodiodes or photodetectors) to convert optical signals to electrical signals. Silicon photodiodes are used for short wavelength links (650 for POF and 850 for glass MM fiber). Long wavelength systems usually use InGaAs (indium gallium arsenide) detectors as they have lower noise than germanium which allows for more sensitive receivers. Very high speed systems sometimes use avalanche photodiodes (APDs) that are biased at high voltage to create gain in the photodiode.
The role of fiber optic transceiver can be simply concluded: Fiber transceiver is a photoelectric conversion device that converting electrical signal into an optical signal at the transmission side, after the transmission on the fiber optics, the optical signals are transmitted into electrical signals at the receiving side.
In the traditional network, the network cables or coaxial cables are usually used, but their communication bandwidth and signal quality they provide can no longer meet the growing need of
customers. While the era of fiber optic network makes the optical switches, SDH equipment, fiber converters, fiber optic multiplexers, and more related fiber optic equipment developed rapidly. In the works process of these fiber optic network equipments, the fiber optic transceiver modules are needed to convert the electrical signals via the laser driver to optical ones, and then transmit the optical signals trough the optical fibers for a long distance, when the signals arrive at the receiving end, it then be converted into an electrical signals through the fiber optic receiver ((Pin-Tia or APD).
The following list the regular equipments that the fiber transceivers may used for:
Fiber Optic Multiplexer: Common fiber optic multiplexers use 1 x 9 package fiber optic module, some HD multiplexers would use SFP optical modules.
Fiber Optic Converters: 1 x 9 transceiver modules.
Fiber optic network card: 1 x 9, SFP or SFP+ optical modules.
Fiber-optic high-speed ball machine: SFP optical module
The base station: XFP, SFP optical module.
The above is the analysis of several devices using the optical modules. It can be seen that 1 x 9 and SFP optical modules are the most commonly used, the difference between them is that:
1 * 9 optical module are welded on the device, while SFP transceiver is hot-swappable.
There are uniform standards for the design and production of fiber optic transceivers. The case of the basic specifications, the optical modules from the major manufacturers such as Huawei, Cisco, Juniper, FiberStore, etc. In addition, the compatibility issues that we often talk about refers to the optical modules are compatible use for communications equipment of different manufacturers, for example, the optical module from FiberStore can be totally compatible with Cisco routers or switches. Because the fiber modules are written with the Cisco series switches compatible codes during the production to be work normally with Cisco equipments.